<item><hi format=bold>International disputes:</hi> separated from Israel by the 1949 Armistice Line; Israeli troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982; Syrian troops in northern, central, and eastern Lebanon since October 1976
<item><hi format=bold>Climate:</hi> Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows
<item><hi format=bold>Terrain:</hi> narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
<item><hi format=bold>Natural resources:</hi> limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region
<item><hi format=bold>Land use:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>arable land:</hi> 21%
<item>• <hi format=ital>permanent crops:</hi> 9%
<item>• <hi format=ital>meadows and pastures:</hi> 1%
<item>• <hi format=ital>forest and woodland:</hi> 8%
<item>• <hi format=ital>other:</hi> 61%
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Irrigated land:</hi> 860 sq km (1989 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Environment:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>current issues:</hi> deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air and water pollution
<item>• <hi format=ital>natural hazards:</hi> NA
<item>• <hi format=ital>international agreements:</hi> party to—Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified—Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Note:</hi> Nahr al Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity